Recently enacted laws

H.R. 1321 · 114th Congress · enacted

Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015

Became Public Law No: 114-114.

Latest official action 2015-12-28 · Enacted

The bill, briefly

(This measure has not been amended since it was reported to the House on December 7, 2015. The summary of the House passed version is repeated here.) Microbead-Free Waters Act of 2015 (Sec. 2) This bill amends the Federal Food, Drug, and Cosmetic Act to ban rinse-off cosmetics that contain intentionally-added plastic microbeads beginning on January 1, 2018, and to ban manufacturing of these cosmetics beginning on July 1, 2017. These bans are delayed by one year for cosmetics that are over-the-counter drugs.

Congressional Research Service · 2015-12-28

Who reported lobbying on this bill?

Amount spent specifically on this bill: not disclosed

The reports below name this bill and disclose an organization’s overall lobbying expenses or a firm’s client income for the period. They can cover many bills and issues. These amounts are not payments to the bill or its politicians.

No matching lobbying report is imported yet. This is not evidence that no lobbying occurred.

2,409 latest lobbying reports imported. Some source imports are still in progress.

Politicians behind the bill

Sponsors and cosponsors from the official source, limited to members currently in office. Campaign amounts are cycle-wide and are not payments for this bill.

37 of 37 source cosponsor records retrieved; only current officials and unwithdrawn sponsorships appear.

PAC donors to the listed sponsors

These are all-cycle contributions to the listed sponsors’ and cosponsors’ campaigns. FEC does not attribute them to this bill. A donation plus sponsorship does not establish why a politician acted.

AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES P E O P L E$100,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $10,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $2,500

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $7,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
MACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS$90,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $10,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $0

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
LABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC$72,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $2,500

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $10,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Peter Welch · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
HONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. TECHNOLOGIES PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL (HONPAC)$70,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $9,500

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $2,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $4,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION$67,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $2,500

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $5,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
AMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AAJ PAC)$65,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $7,500

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $5,000

Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · -$2,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $7,500

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $7,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $2,500

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $5,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
NATIONAL AIR TRAFFIC CONTROLLERS ASSOCIATION PAC$64,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $2,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $7,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $7,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $1,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $2,500

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $8,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$64,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $4,000

Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $2,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $4,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $1,000

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $3,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
AIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC$63,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $8,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
NATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$61,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $3,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $7,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $2,500

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $1,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $7,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
CARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS$61,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $5,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $6,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
THE BOEING COMPANY PAC$61,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $3,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $1,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $2,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $6,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $3,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $4,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $1,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
AMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$60,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
AMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)$56,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $4,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $2,500

Official PAC record
AMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)$56,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $0

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $5,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $6,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $0

Official PAC record
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE$55,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $9,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $9,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $2,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500

Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $2,500

Official PAC record
ALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$52,500

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $2,500

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $10,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $2,500

Official PAC record
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$52,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $7,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
DELOITTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$51,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $3,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $2,500

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
ERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$51,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $6,000

Official PAC record
EMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$49,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $6,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $7,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $1,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $2,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $6,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $7,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
INTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$48,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $2,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $2,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $3,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
EMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC$47,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $7,500

Official PAC record
NEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION$46,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $4,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $2,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $4,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $2,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $2,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
NATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC$43,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $2,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $1,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $3,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $1,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,500

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $2,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $1,000

Official PAC record
PRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I$42,500

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $10,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $2,500

Official PAC record
GOOGLE LLC NETPAC$42,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $7,500

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $2,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $1,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $4,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $2,500

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
AMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC$39,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $7,000

Official PAC record
AMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC$39,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,500

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $4,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $4,500

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $1,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $6,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $8,000

Official PAC record
AFLAC POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AFLAC PAC)$39,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $10,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $4,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
AMALGAMATED TRANSIT UNION - COPE$39,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $1,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $2,500

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $7,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $2,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $1,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
L3HARRIS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. PAC$39,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $2,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $2,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $6,500

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $1,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $9,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $2,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
D.R.I.V.E. - DEM, REP, IND VOTER ED (THE PAC OF THE INT'L BRHD OF TEAMSTERS)$37,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $6,500

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $1,000

Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Peter Welch · Cosponsor · $1,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $1,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $2,000

Official PAC record
INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC$37,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $7,500

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $2,500

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Peter Welch · Cosponsor · $2,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $2,500

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
NATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL AND REAL ESTATE TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSFORMATION CENTER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)$37,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $5,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $7,500

Official PAC record
SEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)$37,500

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mark DeSaulnier · Cosponsor · $2,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $2,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $2,500

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $2,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $5,000

Official PAC record
UBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)$37,500

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $7,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Elise M. Stefanik · Cosponsor · $5,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
GENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC)$36,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $5,000

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,500

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $9,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $3,500

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $6,000

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
ENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS$35,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $3,000

Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $2,000

Donald S. Beyer, Jr. · Cosponsor · $2,500

Jared Huffman · Cosponsor · $2,500

Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000

Official PAC record
NATIONAL ELECTRICAL CONTRACTORS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$35,000

Frank Pallone, Jr. · Sponsor · $10,000

Rick Larsen · Cosponsor · $10,000

Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000

Mike Quigley · Cosponsor · $7,500

Betty McCollum · Cosponsor · $2,500

Official PAC record

The largest 40 donor totals appear here. Open each politician for their complete, paginated PAC donor list.

What happened after enactment?

Dated agency-reported implementation and uptake measures are shown with their scope. They do not by themselves establish causal success. If no evidence is listed, the outcome is not established.

Measured outcome: not established

Enactment alone does not show whether a law improved its intended outcome. We need a dated evaluation, observed result or verified implementation record before claiming success or failure.