H.R. 4238 · 114th Congress · enacted
To amend the Department of Energy Organization Act and the Local Public Works Capital Development and Investment Act of 1976 to modernize terms relating to minorities.
Became Public Law No: 114-157.
Latest official action 2016-05-20 · Enacted
The bill, briefly
(This measure has not been amended since it was introduced. The summary of that version is repeated here.) This bill amends: (1) the Department of Energy Organization Act to revise the definition of "minority" to mean any U.S. citizen who is an Asian American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islander, African American, Hispanic, Puerto Rican, Native American, or Alaska Native; and (2) the Local Public Works Capital Development and Investment Act of 1976 to revise the definition of "minority group members" (who own minority group enterprises) to mean U.S. citizens who are Asian American, Native Hawaiian, Pacific Islanders, African American, Hispanic, Native American, or Alaska Natives.
Congressional Research Service · 2016-05-20
Who reported lobbying on this bill?
Amount spent specifically on this bill: not disclosed
The reports below name this bill and disclose an organization’s overall lobbying expenses or a firm’s client income for the period. They can cover many bills and issues. These amounts are not payments to the bill or its politicians.
No matching lobbying report is imported yet. This is not evidence that no lobbying occurred.
2,409 latest lobbying reports imported. Some source imports are still in progress.
Politicians behind the bill
Sponsors and cosponsors from the official source, limited to members currently in office. Campaign amounts are cycle-wide and are not payments for this bill.
Sponsor
Grace Meng
House · NY District 6 · Democratic
$592,544PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Ami Bera
House · CA District 6 · Democratic
$663,743PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Judy Chu
House · CA District 28 · Democratic
$414,500PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Yvette D. Clarke
House · NY District 9 · Democratic
$637,101PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Tammy Duckworth
Senate · IL · Democratic
$154,820PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Al Green
House · TX District 9 · Democratic
$63,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Ted Lieu
House · CA District 36 · Democratic
$635,396PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Doris O. Matsui
House · CA District 7 · Democratic
$994,188PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott
House · VA District 3 · Democratic
$323,200PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Adam Smith
House · WA District 9 · Democratic
$622,700PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Mark Takano
House · CA District 39 · Democratic
$379,800PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Nydia M. Velázquez
House · NY District 7 · Democratic
$62,250PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Dina Titus
House · NV District 1 · Democratic
$693,988PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Gregory W. Meeks
House · NY District 5 · Democratic
$995,422PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Juan Vargas
House · CA District 52 · Democratic
$465,194PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Bonnie Watson Coleman
House · NJ District 12 · Democratic
Not availablePAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Scott H. Peters
House · CA District 50 · Democratic
$1,200,494PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Linda T. Sánchez
House · CA District 38 · Democratic
$1,226,899PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Chris Van Hollen
Senate · MD · Democratic
$78,750PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Debbie Wasserman Schultz
House · FL District 25 · Democratic
$736,500PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Janice D. Schakowsky
House · IL District 9 · Democratic
$78,551PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Julia Brownley
House · CA District 26 · Democratic
$292,494PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Brad Sherman
House · CA District 32 · Democratic
$783,494PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Zoe Lofgren
House · CA District 18 · Democratic
$423,950PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Maxine Waters
House · CA District 43 · Democratic
$428,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Adam B. Schiff
Senate · CA · Democratic
$55,400PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Lois Frankel
House · FL District 22 · Democratic
$529,244PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Paul Tonko
House · NY District 20 · Democratic
$702,550PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
William R. Keating
House · MA District 9 · Democratic
$198,994PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Peter Welch
Senate · VT · Democratic
$44,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Steve Cohen
House · TN District 9 · Democratic
$308,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Debbie Dingell
House · MI District 6 · Democratic
$754,050PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Gwen Moore
House · WI District 4 · Democratic
$757,507PAC receipts · 2025–2026
76 of 76 source cosponsor records retrieved; only current officials and unwithdrawn sponsorships appear.
PAC donors to the listed sponsors
These are all-cycle contributions to the listed sponsors’ and cosponsors’ campaigns. FEC does not attribute them to this bill. A donation plus sponsorship does not establish why a politician acted.
AMERICAN FEDERATION OF STATE COUNTY & MUNICIPAL EMPLOYEES P E O P L E$215,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $7,500
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $2,500
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $5,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $7,500
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $2,500
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $7,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $10,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $2,500
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordMACHINISTS NON PARTISAN POLITICAL LEAGUE OF THE INTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF MACHINISTS & AEROSPACE WORKERS$215,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Tammy Duckworth · Cosponsor · $0
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $0
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $10,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $5,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN CRYSTAL SUGAR COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$155,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $10,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $5,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $10,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN FEDERATION OF TEACHERS, AFL-CIO COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION$152,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Al Green · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $2,500
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $5,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,500
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $7,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $10,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $2,500
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordLABORERS' INTERNATIONAL UNION OF NORTH AMERICA (LIUNA) PAC$152,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $5,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $5,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $10,000
Peter Welch · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN ASSOCIATION FOR JUSTICE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AAJ PAC)$152,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $7,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $7,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $7,500
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $7,500
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $7,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $5,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $5,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $8,500
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $2,500
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $7,500
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · -$2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $5,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $2,500
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $6,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$145,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $2,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $7,500
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $7,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $4,000
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,500
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $2,500
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $1,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF SHEET METAL, AIR, RAIL AND TRANSPORTATION WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION LEAGUE$144,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $5,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $4,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $5,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $5,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$126,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $5,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $5,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $4,000
Tammy Duckworth · Cosponsor · $1,000
Al Green · Cosponsor · $3,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $1,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $5,000
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $2,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $5,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $5,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Chris Van Hollen · Cosponsor · $500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $3,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $2,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $5,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $5,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $3,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordPRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I$126,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $2,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $1,500
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $7,500
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordDELOITTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$123,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $3,500
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordCARPENTERS LEGISLATIVE IMPROVEMENT COMMITTEE UNITED BROTHERHOOD OF CARPENTERS AND JOINERS$122,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $10,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $5,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $0
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordNEA FUND FOR CHILDREN AND PUBLIC EDUCATION$119,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $9,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $4,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $2,000
Al Green · Cosponsor · $0
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $4,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $4,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $0
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $2,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $2,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $4,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $4,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $4,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $4,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $2,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $2,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $4,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $2,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $2,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$116,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $3,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $4,500
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $2,500
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $2,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $2,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $1,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,500
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $6,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $3,500
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $2,500
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $2,500
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordEMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC$114,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $2,500
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $6,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $7,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $4,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $1,500
Official PAC recordHONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. TECHNOLOGIES PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL (HONPAC)$113,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $5,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $4,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $2,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $3,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $4,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $5,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $8,500
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $4,500
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $8,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $2,500
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $4,500
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $4,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $7,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC$111,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $1,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $4,000
Al Green · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $2,500
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $2,500
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $5,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $6,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $4,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $1,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $1,500
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $5,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $1,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL AND REAL ESTATE TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSFORMATION CENTER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)$109,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $7,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $7,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $7,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $7,500
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordTHE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$109,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $5,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $2,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $2,500
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $8,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $3,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $8,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $6,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,500
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $2,500
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordSEIU COPE (SERVICE EMPLOYEES INTERNATIONAL UNION COMMITTEE ON POLITICAL EDUCATION)$102,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $2,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $5,000
Al Green · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $2,500
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $7,500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $2,500
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordCHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$98,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $7,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $2,500
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $2,500
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $3,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $7,500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $3,500
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · -$1,500
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC$97,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $2,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $2,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $2,500
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $3,500
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $1,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $7,500
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $7,500
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $3,500
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $2,000
Peter Welch · Cosponsor · $2,500
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $3,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $3,500
Official PAC recordERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$92,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $5,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $10,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC$91,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $2,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $5,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $2,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $7,500
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $7,500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $1,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $8,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordENGINEERS POLITICAL EDUCATION COMMITTEE (EPEC)/INTERNATIONAL UNION OF OPERATING ENGINEERS$88,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $2,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $2,500
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $2,500
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $2,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $2,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $2,500
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $4,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN HOSPITAL ASSOCIATION PAC$87,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $1,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $4,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $6,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $10,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $1,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $3,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $8,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $3,500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $2,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $4,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $1,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $7,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $1,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $4,500
Official PAC recordINTERNATIONAL BROTHERHOOD OF ELECTRICAL WORKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$86,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $10,000
Al Green · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $3,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $7,500
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $2,500
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $10,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $7,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordEMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$86,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $6,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $4,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $1,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $1,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $1,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $1,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $1,500
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $6,000
Chris Van Hollen · Cosponsor · $2,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $2,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $4,500
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $10,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $3,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $2,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $6,000
Official PAC recordUBS AMERICAS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (UBS PAC)$86,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $7,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $7,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $6,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)$85,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $1,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $2,500
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $2,500
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $1,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $6,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $4,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $9,500
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $6,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNEW YORK LIFE INSURANCE COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$79,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $2,500
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $7,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $1,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $7,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $1,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$79,074
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $4,994
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $4,994
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $18,396
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $4,994
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $4,994
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $9,994
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $9,994
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · -$6
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $9,994
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · -$6
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,494
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,244
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · -$6
Official PAC recordD.R.I.V.E. - DEM, REP, IND VOTER ED (THE PAC OF THE INT'L BRHD OF TEAMSTERS)$77,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $1,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $3,500
Tammy Duckworth · Cosponsor · $4,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $5,000
Robert C. "Bobby" Scott · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $2,500
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $5,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $6,500
Chris Van Hollen · Cosponsor · $1,500
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $7,500
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $1,000
Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · $5,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $2,500
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $1,000
Peter Welch · Cosponsor · $1,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordLOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$76,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $8,500
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $1,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $1,000
Tammy Duckworth · Cosponsor · $4,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $4,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $3,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $1,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $8,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $2,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $4,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $2,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $4,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $2,000
Adam B. Schiff · Cosponsor · -$5,000
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $3,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $3,000
William R. Keating · Cosponsor · $7,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $1,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $2,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $3,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC$75,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $4,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $2,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $7,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $3,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $9,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $1,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $2,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $2,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $1,500
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $0
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $6,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $7,500
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $4,000
Official PAC recordTRANSPORT WORKERS UNION OF AMERICA POLITICAL CONTRIBUTIONS COMMITTEE$74,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $3,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Tammy Duckworth · Cosponsor · $2,500
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $3,000
Nydia M. Velázquez · Cosponsor · $2,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $8,500
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $3,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $2,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $3,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $2,500
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordAMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)$72,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $2,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $4,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Mark Takano · Cosponsor · $4,000
Dina Titus · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $4,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $9,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $4,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $5,000
Chris Van Hollen · Cosponsor · $2,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $2,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $2,500
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $0
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $5,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $5,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $3,000
Official PAC recordKPMG PARTNERS/PRINCIPALS AND EMPLOYEES PAC$72,500
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $5,000
Ami Bera · Cosponsor · $10,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $10,000
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $2,500
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $10,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF INSURANCE AND FINANCIAL ADVISORS POLITICAL ACTION COMM$71,500
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $7,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $2,500
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $6,000
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $7,500
Juan Vargas · Cosponsor · $10,000
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $1,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $10,000
Debbie Wasserman Schultz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Brad Sherman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Maxine Waters · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gwen Moore · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordVERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC)$71,000
Grace Meng · Sponsor · $10,000
Judy Chu · Cosponsor · $2,000
Yvette D. Clarke · Cosponsor · $10,000
Tammy Duckworth · Cosponsor · $1,000
Ted Lieu · Cosponsor · $2,000
Doris O. Matsui · Cosponsor · $9,500
Adam Smith · Cosponsor · $7,500
Gregory W. Meeks · Cosponsor · $2,500
Scott H. Peters · Cosponsor · $8,000
Linda T. Sánchez · Cosponsor · $3,000
Janice D. Schakowsky · Cosponsor · $2,000
Julia Brownley · Cosponsor · $1,000
Zoe Lofgren · Cosponsor · $3,500
Lois Frankel · Cosponsor · $1,000
Paul Tonko · Cosponsor · $2,000
Steve Cohen · Cosponsor · $1,000
Debbie Dingell · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordThe largest 40 donor totals appear here. Open each politician for their complete, paginated PAC donor list.
What happened after enactment?
Dated agency-reported implementation and uptake measures are shown with their scope. They do not by themselves establish causal success. If no evidence is listed, the outcome is not established.
Measured outcome: not established
Enactment alone does not show whether a law improved its intended outcome. We need a dated evaluation, observed result or verified implementation record before claiming success or failure.