S. 524 · 114th Congress · enacted
Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016
Became Public Law No: 114-198.
Latest official action 2016-07-22 · Enacted
The bill, briefly
Comprehensive Addiction and Recovery Act of 2016 TITLE I--PREVENTION AND EDUCATION (Sec. 101) This bill requires the Department of Health and Human Services (HHS), in cooperation with the Department of Veterans Affairs, the Department of Defense, and the Drug Enforcement Administration , to convene a Pain Management Best Practices Interagency Task Force to review, modify, and update best practices for pain management and prescription of pain medication. The task force does not have rulemaking authority. (Sec. 102) It directs HHS to promote education and awareness of prescription opioid abuse. Such education and training must include information on the dangers, prevention, and early warning signs of opioid abuse. (Opioids are drugs with effects similar to opium, such as certain prescription pain medication, fentanyl [a synthetic opioid], and heroin.) The Office of National Drug Control Policy must establish a national drug awareness campaign that addresses the similarities between opioids and heroin, the link between prescription opioid abuse and heroin use, and the dangerous effects of mixing fentanyl with heroin. (Sec. 103) The bill amends the Omnibus Crime Control and Safe Streets Act of 1968 to authorize HHS to award grants to community-based coalitions to enhance community-wide prevention strategies to address a high rate or rapid increase of opioid or methamphetamine abuse…
Congressional Research Service · 2016-03-10
Who reported lobbying on this bill?
Amount spent specifically on this bill: not disclosed
The reports below name this bill and disclose an organization’s overall lobbying expenses or a firm’s client income for the period. They can cover many bills and issues. These amounts are not payments to the bill or its politicians.
No matching lobbying report is imported yet. This is not evidence that no lobbying occurred.
2,409 latest lobbying reports imported. Some source imports are still in progress.
Politicians behind the bill
Sponsors and cosponsors from the official source, limited to members currently in office. Campaign amounts are cycle-wide and are not payments for this bill.
Sponsor
Sheldon Whitehouse
Senate · RI · Democratic
$55,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Amy Klobuchar
Senate · MN · Democratic
$116,500PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Christopher A. Coons
Senate · DE · Democratic
$1,411,794PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Elizabeth Warren
Senate · MA · Democratic
$18,500PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Charles E. Schumer
Senate · NY · Democratic
$139,375PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Kirsten E. Gillibrand
Senate · NY · Democratic
$172,585PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Susan M. Collins
Senate · ME · Republican
$2,384,579PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Tammy Baldwin
Senate · WI · Democratic
$192,086PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Jeanne Shaheen
Senate · NH · Democratic
-$12,050PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Angus S. King, Jr.
Senate · ME · Independent
$33,500PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Richard Blumenthal
Senate · CT · Democratic
$109,550PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Shelley Moore Capito
Senate · WV · Republican
$1,950,210PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Dan Sullivan
Senate · AK · Republican
$2,134,194PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Martin Heinrich
Senate · NM · Democratic
$454,670PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Richard J. Durbin
Senate · IL · Democratic
-$24,800PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Chuck Grassley
Senate · IA · Republican
$57,500PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
John Cornyn
Senate · TX · Republican
$1,943,978PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Brian Schatz
Senate · HI · Democratic
$427,197PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Thom Tillis
Senate · NC · Republican
$950,975PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
John Boozman
Senate · AR · Republican
$288,200PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Tim Kaine
Senate · VA · Democratic
$125,658PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Bernard Sanders
Senate · VT · Independent
-$5,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Lisa Murkowski
Senate · AK · Republican
$364,300PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Mazie K. Hirono
Senate · HI · Democratic
$44,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Cory A. Booker
Senate · NJ · Democratic
$488,544PAC receipts · 2025–2026
44 of 44 source cosponsor records retrieved; only current officials and unwithdrawn sponsorships appear.
PAC donors to the listed sponsors
These are all-cycle contributions to the listed sponsors’ and cosponsors’ campaigns. FEC does not attribute them to this bill. A donation plus sponsorship does not establish why a politician acted.
AMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)$60,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $15,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordPRICEWATERHOUSECOOPERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE I$57,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $5,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Jeanne Shaheen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $15,000
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordEMPLOYEES OF NORTHROP GRUMMAN CORPORATION PAC$52,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $7,500
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordEMPLOYEES OF RTX CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$52,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $6,000
Charles E. Schumer · Cosponsor · $3,000
Kirsten E. Gillibrand · Cosponsor · $2,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $5,500
Tammy Baldwin · Cosponsor · $2,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $6,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $7,000
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $2,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $4,000
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $2,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $3,000
John Boozman · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Kaine · Cosponsor · $2,000
Lisa Murkowski · Cosponsor · $3,000
Official PAC recordGENERAL DYNAMICS CORPORATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (GENERAL DYNAMICS EMPLOYEE PAC)$51,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $9,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $9,000
Jeanne Shaheen · Cosponsor · $1,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $7,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordTOMORROW IS MEANINGFUL PAC$50,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $15,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ELEVANCE HEALTH PAC)$48,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $5,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Jeanne Shaheen · Cosponsor · $1,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $7,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $2,500
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lisa Murkowski · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordWALMART INC. PAC FOR RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT$47,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $2,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordPFIZER INC. PAC$46,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $5,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $5,000
Jeanne Shaheen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $4,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $2,500
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $2,500
Tim Kaine · Cosponsor · $2,500
Mazie K. Hirono · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC$46,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $8,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $12,500
Official PAC recordENTERGY CORPORATION EMPLOYEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ENPAC)$46,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $5,000
Kirsten E. Gillibrand · Cosponsor · $2,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $7,500
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $6,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $2,000
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $4,500
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lisa Murkowski · Cosponsor · $3,500
Official PAC recordLOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION EMPLOYEES' POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$45,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $6,000
Kirsten E. Gillibrand · Cosponsor · $1,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $6,000
Tammy Baldwin · Cosponsor · $2,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $3,500
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $2,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $14,000
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $2,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $4,000
John Boozman · Cosponsor · $1,000
Tim Kaine · Cosponsor · $2,000
Lisa Murkowski · Cosponsor · $2,000
Official PAC recordCOMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL$45,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $5,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordDAKOTA PAC$45,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordERNST & YOUNG POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$45,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $7,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $7,500
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · -$2,500
Lisa Murkowski · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordMORTGAGE BANKERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (MORPAC)$45,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Jeanne Shaheen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $5,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL AND REAL ESTATE TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSFORMATION CENTER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)$45,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $0
Official PAC recordOORAH! POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$45,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordPENNSYLVANIA HONOR$45,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordABBVIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$44,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $2,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $6,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $6,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $2,500
Mazie K. Hirono · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordAMERICAN AIRLINES INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AAPAC)$44,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $7,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $8,500
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $1,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordAMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)$43,625
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $2,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tammy Baldwin · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Blumenthal · Cosponsor · $5,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $7,625
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $5,000
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $1,500
Tim Kaine · Cosponsor · -$2,500
Official PAC recordBUILD POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)$43,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $5,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $8,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordINTERNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF FIREFIGHTERS INTERESTED IN REGISTRATION AND EDUCATION PAC$43,000
Sheldon Whitehouse · Sponsor · $2,500
Amy Klobuchar · Cosponsor · $3,500
Elizabeth Warren · Cosponsor · $2,500
Charles E. Schumer · Cosponsor · $5,000
Kirsten E. Gillibrand · Cosponsor · $5,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $1,000
Tammy Baldwin · Cosponsor · $2,500
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $1,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · -$2,500
Cory A. Booker · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC$42,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $7,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Cory A. Booker · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordGENERAL ATOMICS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$42,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $5,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $7,500
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $0
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordKOCH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)$42,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordNATIONAL MARINE MANUFACTURERS ASSOCIATION AND MARINE RETAILERS ASSOCIATION BOAT PAC$42,500
Sheldon Whitehouse · Sponsor · $2,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $2,500
Charles E. Schumer · Cosponsor · $2,500
Kirsten E. Gillibrand · Cosponsor · $1,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $7,000
Angus S. King, Jr. · Cosponsor · $1,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $6,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $5,000
Martin Heinrich · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Boozman · Cosponsor · $2,500
Lisa Murkowski · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordTHE BOEING COMPANY PAC$42,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $5,500
Charles E. Schumer · Cosponsor · $2,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $9,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $9,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $6,500
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $7,500
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $1,500
Tim Kaine · Cosponsor · $1,000
Official PAC recordUNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. PAC (UPSPAC)$42,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $5,000
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN ISRAEL PUBLIC AFFAIRS COMMITTEE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$41,964
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $9,994
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $9,994
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $4,994
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $4,994
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $6,994
Cory A. Booker · Cosponsor · $4,994
Official PAC recordNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF BROADCASTERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NABPAC)$41,000
Sheldon Whitehouse · Sponsor · $5,000
Amy Klobuchar · Cosponsor · $500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $12,000
Richard Blumenthal · Cosponsor · $5,050
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,500
Brian Schatz · Cosponsor · $2,750
Tim Kaine · Cosponsor · $200
Official PAC recordNATIONAL STONE, SAND & GRAVEL ASSOCIATION ROCKPAC$41,000
Sheldon Whitehouse · Sponsor · $2,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $5,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Lisa Murkowski · Cosponsor · $3,500
Official PAC recordHONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. TECHNOLOGIES PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL (HONPAC)$40,500
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $8,500
Kirsten E. Gillibrand · Cosponsor · $2,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $5,000
Jeanne Shaheen · Cosponsor · $5,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$40,200
Amy Klobuchar · Cosponsor · $2,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $5,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $5,000
Jeanne Shaheen · Cosponsor · $3,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard J. Durbin · Cosponsor · $1,200
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $3,000
Mazie K. Hirono · Cosponsor · $1,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$40,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $7,500
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $7,500
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordBEST AT BRINGING ENTREPRENEURIAL RESULTS NEVER IMAGINED OR ENVISIONED PAC$40,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordCAPITAL ONE FINANCIAL CORP. ASSOC. POLITICAL FUND$40,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $2,500
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $2,500
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $15,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordCONOCOPHILLIPS SPIRIT PAC$40,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $10,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $15,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordDELOITTE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$40,000
Christopher A. Coons · Cosponsor · $10,000
Susan M. Collins · Cosponsor · $10,000
Shelley Moore Capito · Cosponsor · $5,000
Dan Sullivan · Cosponsor · $10,000
John Cornyn · Cosponsor · $10,000
Thom Tillis · Cosponsor · -$5,000
Official PAC recordThe largest 40 donor totals appear here. Open each politician for their complete, paginated PAC donor list.
What happened after enactment?
Dated agency-reported implementation and uptake measures are shown with their scope. They do not by themselves establish causal success. If no evidence is listed, the outcome is not established.
Measured outcome: not established
Enactment alone does not show whether a law improved its intended outcome. We need a dated evaluation, observed result or verified implementation record before claiming success or failure.