H.R. 302 · 115th Congress · enacted
FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018
Became Public Law No: 115-254.
Latest official action 2018-10-05 · Enacted
The bill, briefly
FAA Reauthorization Act of 2018 DIVISION A--SPORTS MEDICINE LICENSURE Sports Medicine Licensure Clarity Act of 2018 (Sec. 12) The bill extends the liability insurance coverage of a state-licensed medical professional to another state when the professional provides medical services to an athlete, athletic team, or team staff member pursuant to a written agreement. Prior to providing such services, the medical professional must disclose to the insurer the nature and extent of the services. This extension of coverage does not apply at a health care facility or while a medical professional licensed in the state is transporting the injured individual to a health care facility. DIVISION B--FAA REAUTHORIZATION ACT OF 2018 (Sec. 101) In this division, the term "appropriate committees of Congress" means the House Committee on Transportation and Infrastructure and the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. TITLE I--AUTHORIZATIONS Subtitle A--Funding of FAA Programs (Sec. 111) The bill reauthorizes airport planning and development and noise compatibility planning and programs for FY2018-FY2023 at current levels. (Sec. 112) The bill reauthorizes at increased levels funding from the Airport and Airway Trust Fund for air navigation facilities and equipment for FY2018-FY2023. It also authorizes additional expenditures, including for: (1) the remediation and elimination of …
Congressional Research Service · 2018-10-05
Who reported lobbying on this bill?
Amount spent specifically on this bill: not disclosed
The reports below name this bill and disclose an organization’s overall lobbying expenses or a firm’s client income for the period. They can cover many bills and issues. These amounts are not payments to the bill or its politicians.
No matching lobbying report is imported yet. This is not evidence that no lobbying occurred.
2,409 latest lobbying reports imported. Some source imports are still in progress.
Politicians behind the bill
Sponsors and cosponsors from the official source, limited to members currently in office. Campaign amounts are cycle-wide and are not payments for this bill.
Sponsor
Brett Guthrie
House · KY District 2 · Republican
$3,173,896PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Marsha Blackburn
Senate · TN · Republican
$130,120PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Earl L. "Buddy" Carter
House · GA District 1 · Republican
Not availablePAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Suzan K. DelBene
House · WA District 1 · Democratic
$1,581,293PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
H. Morgan Griffith
House · VA District 9 · Republican
$1,269,670PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
David P. Joyce
House · OH District 14 · Republican
$974,994PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Raul Ruiz
House · CA District 25 · Democratic
$1,026,599PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Tim Walberg
House · MI District 5 · Republican
$841,142PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Gus M. Bilirakis
House · FL District 12 · Republican
$935,244PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Darrell Issa
House · CA District 48 · Republican
$324,212PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
John Garamendi
House · CA District 8 · Democratic
$368,000PAC receipts · 2025–2026
Cosponsor
Richard Hudson
House · NC District 9 · Republican
$1,725,138PAC receipts · 2025–2026
39 of 39 source cosponsor records retrieved; only current officials and unwithdrawn sponsorships appear.
PAC donors to the listed sponsors
These are all-cycle contributions to the listed sponsors’ and cosponsors’ campaigns. FEC does not attribute them to this bill. A donation plus sponsorship does not establish why a politician acted.
AMERICAN INSTITUTE OF CERTIFIED PUBLIC ACCOUNTANTS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$70,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $8,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $10,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $7,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL RURAL ELECTRIC COOPERATIVE ASSOCIATION AMERICA'S ELECTRIC COOPERATIVES PAC$68,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,500
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $3,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $8,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $8,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $7,500
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $1,000
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $3,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL BEER WHOLESALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$60,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $5,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $5,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $3,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $3,500
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $3,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordHONEYWELL INTERNATIONAL INC. TECHNOLOGIES PUBLIC AFFAIRS COUNCIL (HONPAC)$59,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $7,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $8,500
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordAMERICAN ACADEMY OF DERMATOLOGY ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (SKINPAC)$58,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $10,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $3,500
Official PAC recordNATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF REALTORS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$58,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $5,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $3,000
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordCHARTER COMMUNICATIONS INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$57,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $2,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $10,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN OPTOMETRIC ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$54,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $7,500
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $7,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN BANKERS ASSOCIATION PAC (BANKPAC)$54,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $7,500
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,500
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $8,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $8,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $2,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordUNITED PARCEL SERVICE, INC. PAC (UPSPAC)$53,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $7,500
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $2,500
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $3,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMAZON.COM SERVICES LLC SEPARATE SEGREGATED FUND (AMAZON PAC)$52,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $2,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $8,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $2,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN COLLEGE OF RADIOLOGY ASSOCIATION PAC$52,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Marsha Blackburn · Cosponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $7,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordJOHNSON & JOHNSON POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$52,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $2,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $3,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $8,500
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $1,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordKOCH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (KOCHPAC)$52,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $2,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordALLIED PILOTS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$50,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $2,500
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $7,500
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $10,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL AUTOMOBILE DEALERS ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$50,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $10,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordAT&T INC. EMPLOYEE FEDERAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (AT&T EMPLOYEE FEDERAL PAC)$49,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Marsha Blackburn · Cosponsor · $1,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $3,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $7,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $2,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $6,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $1,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $7,500
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $1,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordCOMCAST CORPORATION & NBCUNIVERSAL POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE - FEDERAL$49,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $3,500
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $5,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $8,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordVERIZON COMMUNICATIONS, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (VERIZON PAC)$48,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $5,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $3,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $7,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $2,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $7,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $2,000
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $2,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordELEVANCE HEALTH, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (ELEVANCE HEALTH PAC)$47,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Marsha Blackburn · Cosponsor · $2,500
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $8,500
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $1,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $3,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $2,500
Official PAC recordAIR LINE PILOTS ASSOCIATION PAC$47,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $2,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $10,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN COUNCIL OF ENGINEERING COMPANIES (ACEC/PAC)$46,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $6,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $2,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $3,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN ACADEMY OF OPHTHALMOLOGY INC POLITICAL COMMITTEE (OPHTHPAC)$46,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $6,000
Official PAC recordELI LILLY AND COMPANY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$46,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $9,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $4,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $2,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordTHE COUNCIL OF INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$46,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $7,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $1,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $2,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordTHE HOME DEPOT INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$45,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $7,500
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $2,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN PHYSICAL THERAPY ASSOCIATION PHYSICAL THERAPY POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (PT-PAC)$44,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $3,500
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,500
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $2,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $10,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $3,000
Official PAC recordBUILD POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE OF THE NATIONAL ASSOCIATION OF HOME BUILDERS (BUILDPAC)$44,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $3,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $3,500
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $3,500
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $3,500
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNCTA - THE INTERNET & TELEVISION ASSOCIATION POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NCTAPAC)$43,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $6,500
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $2,500
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $4,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordAMERICAN COLLEGE OF CARDIOLOGY PAC (HEARTPAC)$42,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $6,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $1,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $7,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $3,000
Official PAC recordHUMANA INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$42,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordNATIONAL MULTIFAMILY HOUSING COUNCIL AND REAL ESTATE TECHNOLOGY AND TRANSFORMATION CENTER POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (NMHC PAC)$42,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $7,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordT-MOBILE US, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (T-PAC)$42,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $9,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $1,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $6,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $3,500
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $2,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordNATIONAL EMERGENCY MEDICINE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE / AMERICAN COLLEGE OF EMERGENCY PHYSICIANS$42,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $7,500
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $7,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $10,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $7,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $5,000
Official PAC recordPFIZER INC. PAC$42,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $7,500
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $4,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $3,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $6,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $10,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $8,500
Official PAC recordAMGEN INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$41,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $7,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $2,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $10,000
Official PAC recordWALMART INC. PAC FOR RESPONSIBLE GOVERNMENT$41,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $10,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $4,000
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $1,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $8,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $1,500
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $1,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $5,500
Official PAC recordABBVIE POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE$41,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $10,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $5,000
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $3,500
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordAMERICA'S CREDIT UNIONS PAC$41,000
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $5,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $5,000
H. Morgan Griffith · Cosponsor · $2,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $1,500
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $6,000
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $0
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Darrell Issa · Cosponsor · $3,500
John Garamendi · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $7,500
Official PAC recordINDEPENDENT INSURANCE AGENTS & BROKERS OF AMERICA, INC. POLITICAL ACTION COMMITTEE (INSURPAC)$40,500
Brett Guthrie · Sponsor · $10,000
Suzan K. DelBene · Cosponsor · $7,500
David P. Joyce · Cosponsor · $5,000
Raul Ruiz · Cosponsor · $4,500
Tim Walberg · Cosponsor · $2,500
Gus M. Bilirakis · Cosponsor · $5,000
Richard Hudson · Cosponsor · $6,000
Official PAC recordThe largest 40 donor totals appear here. Open each politician for their complete, paginated PAC donor list.
What happened after enactment?
Dated agency-reported implementation and uptake measures are shown with their scope. They do not by themselves establish causal success. If no evidence is listed, the outcome is not established.
Measured outcome: not established
Enactment alone does not show whether a law improved its intended outcome. We need a dated evaluation, observed result or verified implementation record before claiming success or failure.