Environment
No direct effect
Neutral — no direct effect identified.
Benefits
- No material direct effect identified.
Risks
- No material direct effect identified.
StateNorth DakotaIntroduced
HB 1144: AN ACT to amend and reenact section 15.1-06-21 of the North Dakota Century Code, relating to transgender student accommodations and restroom use in public schools; to provide a penalty; and to declare an emergency.
Bill Tveit
HB 1144 status: Introduced — Filed with Secretary Of State 05/02 (updated Jun 11, 2025).
Source
OpenStates
Confidence
Low
Analysis basis
OpenStates summary
01
What this bill does
Official summary alongside an AI-generated read on where it stands and why.
Overall Score
28OUT OF 100
Score:28/100 civic fit
Risk:High Risk
Impact:High Impact 75/100
Constitutionality35%
Bipartisan20%
Public opinion45%
Bill summary
What changes
The bill amends section 15.1-06-21 of the North Dakota Century Code to mandate specific policies regarding transgender student accommodations and restroom use in public schools.
Who is affected
Public school students, particularly transgender students, and school district administrators responsible for implementing facility usage policies.
Requirements and enforcement
The bill requires schools to adopt specific policies regarding restroom and accommodation use, though the specific criteria are not detailed in the summary.
Costs and funding
Potential costs include administrative burden and the likelihood of legal expenditures arising from challenges to the policy.
When it takes effect
The bill includes an emergency declaration, implying intent for immediate effect upon passage.
Potential benefits
Supporters would argue that the bill provides necessary statewide standardization and clear expectations for school administrative practices.
Risks and tradeoffs
Concerns include the potential for discrimination, negative impacts on student mental health, and the infringement of civil liberties.
What is still unknown
The specific nature of the 'penalty' mentioned and the exact regulatory requirements for school facility access remain unstated in the available abstract.
02
Impact analysis
✦ AI analysisModeled effects across six domains, estimated from bill text and comparable legislation.
Economy
No direct effect
Neutral — no direct effect identified.
Benefits
- No material direct effect identified.
Risks
- No material direct effect identified.
Society
Critical outlook
25%
Benefits
- Provides a uniform statewide standard for school administration
- Reduces ambiguity in local district policy-making
- Establishes a clear legal framework for student accommodations
Risks
- Creates potential for discrimination against transgender students
- Decreases inclusivity within the school environment
- Increases risk of student social friction and bullying
Technology Industry
No direct effect
Neutral — no direct effect identified.
Benefits
- No material direct effect identified.
Risks
- No material direct effect identified.
Civic Accountability
No direct effect
Neutral — no direct effect identified.
Benefits
- No material direct effect identified.
Risks
- No material direct effect identified.
Public Health & Safety
Critical outlook
30%
Benefits
- Provides clear policy guidance for school safety officers
- Standardized enforcement measures for school facility usage
- Administrative clarity regarding school building access
Risks
- Increased psychological stress for affected student populations
- Heightened risk of conflict within school safety environments
- Potential for exclusionary practices affecting student safety
03
How trustworthy & consequential it is
Sourcing already shown above, this is what the analysis found worth flagging.
Source
OpenStates
Official bill text or data from OpenStates.
Confidence
Low
Information is limited or incomplete.
Analysis basis
OpenStates summary
Source used for this bill's analysis.
Source note
High risk of constitutional and civil rights challenges regarding student protections.
Analysis scope
Source provided is a summary abstract only, not the full text of the legislation.
04
Where it stands
Official record- IntroducedCurrent
- CommitteeUpcoming
- Chamber votesUpcoming
- Final agreementUpcoming
- GovernorUpcoming
- EnactedUpcoming
05
How it affects your district
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06
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